Trunk Rotation Isokinetic Strength Changes During a 15-Week Periodized Strength Training Program in Three Chinese...

Background: Trunk rotation strength is a key performance factor in throwing events, but periodized training effects in elite Paralympic and Deaflympic throwers are sparsely documented. Methods: Three Chinese elite throwers (one F35 cerebral palsy, one F60 hearing impairment, and one F11 visual impairment) completed a 15-week Bompa-based periodized strength program (3 November 2018 to 16 February 2019). Trunk rotation peak torque (PT) and peak power (PP) were measured on a Biodex System 4 dynamometer at four angular velocities (60, 120, 150, and 180°/s) before and after the intervention. Results: Effect sizes for trunk rotation peak torque and peak power ranged from negligible to large (d = 0.05-2.93). The F35 athlete showed a decline in left-rotation peak torque at 180°/s (270.73 → 260.40 N·m, d = 0.64) and persistent left-right asymmetry. The F60 and F11 athletes showed predominantly positive adaptations across velocities. Due to the small heterogeneous sample (n = 3) and absence of a control group, these findings are hypothesis-generating rather than confirmatory. Throwing performance was not measured. Conclusions: The program is descriptively feasible across F35/F60/F11 classifications, but findings are hypothesis-generating given the absence of a control group and the small heterogeneous sample. Throwing performance was not measured.