U.S. synthetic residential building telemetry dataset generated with EnergyPlus

High-resolution residential telemetry, including smart thermostat data, is increasingly used to develop data-driven models for building energy analysis and HVAC performance assessment. However, field telemetry often lacks detailed information on building characteristics and known physical parameters, limiting rigorous model development and validation. This article presents a U.S. synthetic residential building telemetry dataset generated using EnergyPlus that combines high-resolution time-series telemetry with fully known building, envelope, infiltration, and HVAC parameters. It comprises 540 unique models of single-family detached and attached homes across the 48 contiguous states and 13 ASHRAE climate zones. The models were generated using probability distributions of building and HVAC characteristics derived from the ecobee Donate Your Data (DYD) program and the U.S. residential building stock represented by ResStock. Statistical case weights are provided for the 540 unique models, defining a probability-weighted analytical population of 1200 residential cases. For each model, the dataset provides an EnergyPlus input file and a full year of synthetic telemetry at 5-minute intervals in Parquet format. The telemetry includes indoor and outdoor environmental conditions, thermostat setpoints, HVAC operation and runtime, infiltration and ventilation, heating and cooling rates, and energy-consumption variables. The dataset also includes building characteristics, simulation metadata, and weather-station location. Comparison of HVAC-runtime patterns with ecobee field telemetry indicates that the synthetic data reproduce broad climate-dependent patterns in residential HVAC operation while retaining known model inputs and physical characteristics. The dataset can support the development and benchmarking of surrogate and telemetry-based models, evaluation of retrofit and HVAC-sizing scenarios, and analysis of residential energy performance at national, state, and climate-zone scales.