[More attention should be paid to andrological rare diseases management in China]

Andrological rare diseases constitute a low-prevalence disease spectrum centered on male reproductive health, with core manifestations including sexual dysfunction, infertility, and disorders of secondary sexual characteristic development. Although the number of patients with any single disease is very small, the overall coverage is broad, and the absolute population size is not negligible. These diseases seriously impair male patients' physical and mental health, interact with multi-organ and systemic disorders, and pose significant threats to patients' health, family well-being, and harmonious social development. This article systematically reviews the current research status and major challenges of rare andrological diseases in China. Drawing on internationally established management models, it proposes feasible pathways for strengthening the research system for rare andrological diseases in China, including the construction of an information registry and specimen management system, promotion of the integration of rare andrological diseases into national disease coordination and management, establishment of a multidisciplinary collaborative diagnosis and treatment system, and enhancement of professional physician training, in order to enhance the comprehensive strength of diagnosis, treatment, scientific research, and education of rare andrological diseases in China.