Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 27, 2026

Resource Recycling of Red Soil to Synthesize Fe2O3/FAU-type Zeolite Composite Material for Heavy Metal Removal
Published on: June 2, 2022
Direct Reduction-Driven Active Species Formation in RuMn-Containing Zeolite Catalyst for 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural
Rahul Gautam1, Rupinder Kaur1, Nidhi Gossai2
1Laboratory of Bioproduct Chemistry, BRIC - National Agri-Food and Biomanufacturing Institute (Formerly Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing), Mohali, Punjab, India.
Abstract:
The selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is an important transformation for producing sustainable bio-based chemicals and polymer precursors. Here, the influence of pretreatment strategies on the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of RuMn supported on modified H-ZSM-5 (RuMn/ZS) was investigated for HMF oxidation. Directly reduced RuMn/ZS (RuMn/ZS-R) was compared with calcined RuMn/ZS (RuMn/ZS-C) and calcined-reduced RuMn/ZS (RuMn/ZS-CR). RuMn/ZS-R exhibited the highest activity, affording 72.7% FDCA yield and 75.7% total furanics yield, compared with 5.0% and 14.1% FDCA for RuMn/ZS-C and RuMn/ZS-CR, respectively. XPS and TEM analyses revealed that direct reduction promotes highly dispersed metallic Ru0 species together with Mn3 +/Mn4 + promoter species. NH3-TPD, CO2-TPD, and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFTS) further demonstrated enhanced Lewis and Brønsted acidity and a higher concentration of moderate basic sites in RuMn/ZS-R. Poisoning experiments supported the contribution of both acidic and basic sites to HMF oxidation. The superior performance of RuMn/ZS-R is attributed to the synergistic interplay of highly dispersed Ru0, Mn promoter species, acidic sites, and moderate basic sites generated by direct reduction. These findings provide insight into designing multifunctional zeolite (ZS)-supported catalysts for selective biomass oxidation.
More Related Videos
09:46Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization
Published on: May 19, 2019
12:08Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
Published on: June 24, 2022
Related Concept Videos
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Aldehydes and Ketones to Alkanes: Wolff–Kishner Reduction
Heterogeneous Catalysis
Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...