Botanical Hybrid BioEntities with Antibacterial Activity Derived from Geranium robertianum-Biophysical Insights

The present study reports the development of a novel botanical hybrid system obtained through the integration of Geranium robertianum L. phytochemicals, green-synthesized silver nanoparticles, and chlorophyll-loaded soybean lecithin biomimetic membranes. The proposed strategy combines the reducing and stabilizing capacity of plant-derived metabolites with the structural and functional advantages of membrane-inspired lipid assemblies. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous Geranium robertianum extract, while biomimetic lipid vesicles were prepared from soybean lecithin and subsequently assembled into hybrid bioentities through a self-organization process. The obtained structures were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, FTIR-ATR analysis, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurements, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Optical investigations support the formation of phyto-capped silver nanoparticles and their successful incorporation into chlorophyll-containing biomimetic membranes. The hybrid structures exhibited improved colloidal stability, appropriate nanoscale dimensions, and characteristic morphological features indicative of efficient integration of the lipid and metallic components. Antioxidant and antibacterial investigations highlighted the combined contribution of the phytochemicals, silver nanostructures, and phospholipid matrix. These findings establish a versatile, environmentally friendly platform that bridges phytochemistry, nanotechnology, and biomimetic engineering, and may provide new opportunities for the development of multifunctional antimicrobial systems.