Environmental Occurrence, Toxicity Concerns, Degradation Behavior, and Plant Resistance of Glufosinate-Ammonium

The market for traditional non-selective herbicides has undergone dramatic changes over the past decade. As an emerging herbicide, glufosinate-ammonium's market share has been steadily increasing. However, with its widespread use, glufosinate-ammonium residues have been detected in rivers and agricultural products in many regions around the world. Furthermore, various toxicological studies have confirmed that glufosinate-ammonium has toxic effects on non-target organisms; therefore, its hazards should not be underestimated. To date, comprehensive reviews on the toxicity, degradation behavior, and resistance status of glufosinate-ammonium remain scarce. Herein, this article focuses on describing the toxicological properties and degradation behavior of glufosinate-ammonium and deeply explores the resistance mechanisms of plants to glufosinate-ammonium. This review deepens our understanding of the degradation and resistance mechanisms of glufosinate-ammonium and provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for the remediation of glufosinate-ammonium-contaminated environments.