Label-free impedimetric immunosensor for TSH detection using Ni-Co₃O₄/AuNP-modified screen-printed electrodes

Rapid, accessible, and accurate detection of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is essential for early diagnosis and effective management of thyroid disorders. This study reports the development of a label-free impedimetric immunosensor for TSH detection using flexible screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with Ni-Co₃O₄/AuNP. The developed sensor exhibits a wide linear detection range from 0.001 to 100 μIU/mL and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.001 μIU/mL, demonstrating a high sensitivity for TSH quantification. The sensor demonstrates excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and its performance is validated using serum samples, yielding recovery rates between 92.2 and 99.6%. The developed Ni-Co₃O₄/AuNP-based impedimetric immunosensor holds promise as a sensitive platform for point-of-care quantification of thyroid function.