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Updated: Oct 28, 2026

Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors
Published on: March 27, 2019
Asymmetric dual-process mechanisms under symbolic exposure: music-induced destination perception
Xiasui Peng1, Bao-Hui Huang1, Cheng-Ru Wu1
1College of Tourism Management, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China.
Background:
Music connects listeners with places through imagery, cultural meanings, and personal associations. How cognitive and emotional responses relate to place attachment and behavioral intentions in destination-song contexts remains unclear.
Objective:
This study examines cognitive-affective pathway differences and the relational role of place attachment.
Methods:
A mixed-methods design combined Latent Dirichlet Allocation analysis of 57,228 NetEase Cloud Music comments on 15 destination-related songs with a survey of 472 respondents. Expert interpretation and psychological theory informed construct development. PLS-SEM assessed direct and indirect associations, with 5,000 paired bootstrap resamples used for exploratory pathway comparisons.
Results:
Place imagery, local cultural meaning, and associative experience were positively associated with cognitive evaluation and emotional experience. Pathway comparisons showed stronger associations between place imagery and cognitive evaluation, and between associative experience and emotional experience. Cognitive-affective differences in paths to attachment, visit intention, and sharing intention were not significant. Place attachment partially mediated the associations of cognitive evaluation (β = 0.040, 95% CI [0.016, 0.072]) and emotional experience (β = 0.050, 95% CI [0.021, 0.086]) with visit intention.
Conclusion:
The findings refine the SOR framework by locating asymmetry in selected antecedent pathways and identifying place attachment as a shared relational link to visit intention. The cross-sectional design and predominance of previous visitors limit conclusions about causal ordering and new attachment formation.
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