Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 28, 2026

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics (BM-PROMA)
Published on: August 28, 2021
Academic Resilience in Mathematics, Mathematics Identity, School Engagement and Academic Procrastination in Early
1Department of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Education, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı 04100, Türkiye.
Abstract:
This study examined how academic resilience in mathematics combines with mathematics identity, school engagement, and academic procrastination, and explored the associations between these configurations and mathematics achievement. Participants were 897 students aged 10-14 years from three public middle schools in eastern Türkiye. Latent profile analysis of standardized scale totals retained five profiles: (1) higher resources, lower procrastination; (2) school engagement, lower mathematics resources; (3) mathematics resources, lower school engagement; (4) mixed pattern, high variability; and (5) lower resources, higher procrastination. Profile sizes ranged from 10.0% to 28.3%. Profile 4 was a heterogeneous, dispersion-driven component, and the profile structure depended on variance-covariance assumptions. The BCH procedure indicated overall differences in student-reported previous-semester mathematics grades, χ2(4) = 24.25, p < 0.001, with a model-based eta-squared analogue of 0.038. After Holm adjustment, Profile 1 had higher grades than Profiles 4 and 5. Grade-level-adjusted comparisons yielded the same pattern. The findings describe differing combinations of perceived mathematics resources and academic adjustment that may inform investigations of support needs. The cross-sectional design precludes causal conclusions, and the profiles require independent replication.
Related Concept Videos
Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture
Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies
Marcia's Theory of Identity Status
Information Processing Approach
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
Self-Discrepancy Theory