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Updated: Oct 28, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Published on: April 10, 2018
Bi-O-S Catalyst for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction to Formic Acid: Catalyst-Substrate Engineering and Multi-Objective
Mithra Geetha1, Zeyad M Ghazi1, Muhammad Arsalan1
1Gas Processing Centre, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
Abstract:
Electrochemical CO2 reduction to formic acid is a promising approach for carbon valorization, but achieving both high productivity and Faradaic efficiency remains a major challenge. In this study, a Bi-O-S electrocatalyst was synthesized and deposited onto an acid-treated Sn substrate to fabricate a Bi-O-S/acid-treated Sn electrode. Structural, chemical, morphological, and textural characterization confirmed successful formation and integration of the Bi-O-S catalytic phase with the Sn surface. Acid treatment of the electrode surface enhanced the formic acid concentration from 170 mg L-1 for untreated Sn to 750 mg L-1. Central composite design coupled with response surface methodology was subsequently employed to optimize applied current density, catholyte concentration, and catalyst loading. Multi-objective optimization experimentally achieved 1020 mg L-1 formic acid and 67% Faradaic efficiency, compared with predicted values of 950 mg L-1 and 61%, respectively, corresponding to a production rate of 41 mg h-1. The electrode maintained stable performance for 33 h, demonstrating the potential of Bi-O-S/acid-treated Sn electrode engineering for efficient and optimized CO2-to-formic-acid conversion.
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