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Related Experiment Videos

Variations in x-ray exposures to patients.

K W Taylor, N L Patt, H E Johns

    Journal of the Canadian Association of Radiologists
    |March 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Patient X-ray exposure varies greatly in Toronto hospitals, with factors like fluoroscopy time and equipment affecting dose. Optimizing equipment and techniques can significantly reduce radiation exposure during radiographic examinations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Physics
    • Radiology
    • Radiation Safety

    Background:

    • Significant variations in patient X-ray exposure exist across different hospital rooms for the same procedures.
    • High skin exposures, exceeding 90 R, were observed for barium enemas and meals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To measure and analyze patient X-ray exposures in Toronto hospitals.
    • To identify factors contributing to dose variability in radiographic examinations.
    • To provide recommendations for reducing patient radiation dose.

    Main Methods:

    • Patient X-ray doses were measured in 30 hospital rooms.
    • Factors analyzed included fluoroscopic exposure rate and time, kVp, filtration, screen-film combinations, and table top attenuation.
    • Dose differences were compared for various radiographic procedures.

    Main Results:

    • Total exposure varied by up to a factor of 30 between rooms for the same procedure.
    • Key factors influencing dose included fluoroscopic rate (0.65-12 R/min), time (1.5-12 min), kVp, filtration, screen-film choice, and table attenuation.
    • AP beam direction increased pelvic organ exposure fivefold compared to PA.

    Conclusions:

    • Equipment and procedural variations lead to substantial differences in patient radiation dose.
    • Careful selection and adjustment of equipment, including low-attenuation tables and optimized fluoroscopy settings, can minimize radiation exposure.
    • Modern, properly adjusted equipment allows for virtually safe radiographic examinations with minimal fluoroscopic exposure rates.

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