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Always Connected, Never Off Duty: Family Experiences of Caring in Technology-Enabled Diabetes Care
Mohammad Ainul Maruf1,2, Hsiao-Yean Chiu3,4, Mickael Antoine Joseph5
1Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to explore family experiences of caring for adolescents and adults living with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes in the context of technology-enabled diabetes care. An interpretive qualitative study was conducted with 24 family caregivers recruited through purposive sampling in Indonesia. Individual semi-structured interviews were undertaken from August 2025 to April 2026 and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Four interconnected themes were identified: (a) Caregiving Without Boundaries, (b) Living in Continuous Vigilance, (c) Negotiating Care, Control, and Independence, and (d) Searching for Moments of Being Off Duty. Diabetes technologies extended caregiving beyond physical proximity, fostering continuous vigilance, reshaping family relationships, and prompting caregivers to balance protection, autonomy, and well-being while remaining digitally connected. Technology-enabled diabetes care fundamentally reshapes family caregiving as a continuous relational process. Family nursing should support sustainable caregiving by addressing not only technological competence but also caregiving boundaries, family relationships, and caregiver well-being.
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