Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 29, 2026

Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood
Published on: December 24, 2016
Tolerogenic Programming Promotes Human Cytomegalovirus Permissiveness in Dendritic Cells
Katharina Rahmel-Stein1, Jennifer Becker1, Berenike Lange1
1Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Abstract:
Dendritic cells (DCs) are important targets of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), yet the factors determining their permissiveness to infection remain incompletely understood. We previously identified a CD1a-/CD86- monocyte-derived DC (moDC) subset with a tolerogenic transcriptional profile and increased susceptibility to HCMV. To test whether tolerogenic programming promotes DC permissiveness, we generated tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) using vitamin D3 (VitD3), dexamethasone (Dexa), or their combination. TolDCs treated with Dexa alone or with VitD3+Dexa showed a maturation-resistant phenotype, whereas VitD3-treated cells retained partial responsiveness to maturation stimuli. Compared with conventional moDCs, tolDCs were more susceptible to HCMV infection. Functionally, HCMV-exposed tolDCs induced markedly weaker CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation, with Dexa-treated cells showing the lowest stimulatory capacity. Together, these findings identify tolDCs as a permissive niche for HCMV and suggest that the virus may exploit regulatory DC states to evade immune control.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Cytomegalovirus Disease
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

