Regenerated Cellulose for Sustainable Electronic Devices

Regenerated cellulose (RC), derived from natural cellulose through dissolution and regeneration processes, has emerged as a sustainable, versatile, and cost-effective material for advanced electronic devices. With unique hierarchical structures, abundant hydroxy groups, and excellent mechanical and thermal properties, RC allows extensive customization of its characteristics, offering biocompatibility, flexibility, processability, and environmental friendliness. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in RC-based electronics, focusing on its multiscale molecular configuration, dissolution and regeneration mechanisms, and functionalization and engineering strategies. It first provides a detailed molecular-level analysis of RC structures and formation mechanisms. The principles and strategies of cellulose dissolution and regeneration are then discussed, with emphasis on solvent systems and structure-regulating mechanisms essential for processing control. Functionalization strategies are categorized into direct modification and hybridization with functional materials. Notably, the hybridization approach involves the development of conductive, semiconductive, and insulating RC composites, evaluated from the perspectives of material selection, interfacial design, and processing techniques. Subsequently, engineering approaches to enhance mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and optical transparency are explored. Applications of RC in sensors, actuators, circuits, energy harvesting and storage devices, and electromagnetic shielding devices are highlighted, demonstrating its potential to drive sustainable innovation in electronics. Finally, future directions are proposed to address remaining challenges, paving the way for RC to contribute to eco-friendly, high-performance electronic devices.