A self-powered finger-worn wireless tracking interface for human-machine interaction

Continuous touch positioning and trajectory tracking are essential for immersive human-machine interaction, yet conventional interfaces are fundamentally limited by rigid power supplies and tethered data transmission. Here, we present a completely self-powered, finger-worn interface that wirelessly transmits spatial trajectory data driven solely by biomechanical motion. The device integrates a miniaturized (3.7 cm²) corona-discharge triboelectric nanogenerator with a flexible electromagnetic transmitter, converting multidirectional fingertip movement directly into wireless communication signals. By coupling these signals with three non-collinear receivers and a machine-learning-assisted decoding algorithm, the system achieves sub-millimeter localization accuracy (<0.9 mm). We demonstrate the interface's capability for the high-fidelity reconstruction of handwritten inputs, enabling robust human-machine control. By synergizing motion-energy harvesting with precise spatial tracking, this work offers an untethered, self-contained paradigm for next-generation interactive intelligent systems.