Research Priorities for Preconception Health in Scotland: A Multidisciplinary Call to Action

Health and behaviours prior to conception influence reproductive outcomes, lifelong health, and health inequalities across generations. While international attention to preconception health has increased, context-specific evidence to inform effective practice and policy in Scotland remains limited. This gap is concerning given declining birth rates, widening inequalities, and increasing prevalence of adverse maternal and infant outcomes.

A research prioritisation project was undertaken to identify key areas for preconception health research in Scotland. A narrative review of published literature reviews and relevant Scottish policy and public health guidance was conducted to identify evidence gaps and preliminary research themes. These informed a national online survey that captured views from members of the public and stakeholders with an interest in preconception health. Survey findings were subsequently refined through an in-person, multi-stakeholder workshop involving members of the public, researchers, healthcare professionals, third sector representatives, and policy stakeholders.

Four overarching research priority themes were identified: (1) adopting a life-course approach to preconception health; (2) reducing neurodevelopmental risks and improving awareness of preconception behaviours; (3) addressing health inequalities and ensuring equitable access to care; and (4) enhancing the involvement of men, partners, and shared responsibility for preconception health. Cross-cutting principles emphasised the need for inclusive and consistent messaging, improved healthcare professional training, integration of preconception care within existing services, stakeholder involvement, and robust data collection.

This co-designed research prioritisation project identifies clear and actionable priorities for advancing preconception health research in Scotland. Addressing these priorities will support evidence-based policy and practice, improve reproductive and long-term health outcomes, and contribute to reducing health inequalities for current and future generations.

Members of the public and individuals with lived experience of preconception health were actively involved throughout this research prioritisation project. Public contributors participated in a national survey to identify and rank priorities for preconception health research in Scotland and attended a multi-stakeholder workshop to refine and finalise research themes and questions. The workshop included members of the public alongside researchers, healthcare professionals, third sector representatives, and policy stakeholders, ensuring that priorities reflected lived experience as well as professional perspectives. Public input directly informed the identification of research priorities, the interpretation of findings, and the development of future research directions (See the GRIPP2 short form checklist in the supplementary files).