TTPdb: a comprehensive database of targeted therapeutic peptides

Targeted therapeutic peptides (TTPs) represent a promising therapeutic modality that bridges the gap between small-molecule drugs and macromolecular antibody-based therapeutics by combining high target specificity, superior tissue permeability, and controllable synthesis. Recent advances in chemical modification and computational design have accelerated the clinical translation of TTPs across diverse therapeutic areas, generating multidimensional data that encompass pharmaceutical profiles, structural binding insights, and structure-activity relationships. However, these data remain fragmented across disparate sources, and no dedicated platform exists to systematically integrate them for mechanistic exploration or rational peptide engineering. Here, we present TTPdb, a specialized database that consolidates comprehensive information on TTPs. TTPdb compiles 5366 TTPs (106 approved, 229 clinical, and 5031 preclinical or investigative), which span >600 disease types and are annotated with 3D structures, binding interactions, and physicochemical properties. TTPdb further catalogs peptide structural modifications and pharmacological mechanisms while establishing associations among peptides, targets, and diseases. TTPdb incorporates a multidimensional search module that supports universal keyword queries, structured conditional filtering, and FASTA-based sequence homology searches, with peptides, targets, and diseases as the primary search entities. As a valuable resource for rational peptide design and optimization in AI-driven biomedical research, TTPdb is freely accessible at https://idrblab.org/TTPdb.