Circulating omentin-1 and metaflammation across body mass index categories in men with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

To evaluate circulating omentin-1 across BMI categories in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associations with adiposity, insulin resistance, and metaflammation.

This cross-sectional study enrolled 225 men with T2DM (n = 75 per group) classified as non-obese, overweight, or obese. Insulin resistance markers (HOMA-IR, TyG-BMI) and inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, CRP) were measured. Spearman's correlation and multivariable regression examined associations with omentin-1. PCA and PCR characterised the metaflammatory phenotype.

Omentin-1 declined progressively across BMI categories (median: 687.6, 587.6, and 459.3 ng/L; P < 0.001) and was inversely correlated with BMI (ρ =  - 0.717), TNF-α (ρ =  - 0.615), IL-8 (ρ =  - 0.589), IL-6 (ρ =  - 0.510), and HOMA-IR (ρ =  - 0.383) (all P < 0.001). BMI remained independently and inversely associated with omentin-1 after adjustment (standardised β =  - 0.671; P < 0.001). PCA identified a metaflammatory component (KMO = 0.852; variance explained = 59.53 %). PCR confirmed an inverse association between this component and omentin-1 (B =  - 46.35, 95 % CI - 53.69 to - 39.00; P < 0.001; adjusted R² = 0.481).

Omentin-1 was inversely associated with adiposity, insulin resistance, and composite metaflammatory burden in men with T2DM, supporting its role as an integrative cardiometabolic biomarker.