Health-related factors among seafarers based on the health ecology model: a cross-sectional study

To explore the health status and its influencing factors among seafarers based on the Health Ecological Model, and to identify priority areas for health management.

A convenience sampling approach was used to administer a questionnaire survey to 106 seafarers from March to June 2026. The questionnaire was developed based on the Health Ecological Model and covers general information, health status, health-influencing factors, and health management needs. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0.

The total health score was 29.65 ± 3.62 (theoretical range: 2-32). Policy environment (β = 0.602, p < 0.001) and behavioral characteristics (β = 0.260, p = 0.015) were independent influencing factors of the total health score, with an adjusted R2 of 0.574. Further analysis revealed that the policy environment had the greatest impact on physical health (β = 0.526, p < 0.001), while the interpersonal network was selectively associated with mental health (β = 0.207, p = 0.030). The top three health management needs were improving onboard dietary structure (87.7%), strengthening occupational health training (35.9%), and upgrading onboard medical facilities (31.1%).

The overall health status of seafarers was at a relatively good level, with policy environment and behavioral characteristics being the main influencing factors. Health management should prioritize improving health security policies and onboard dietary structure, while strengthening occupational health training.