Pulmonary Hamartoma Diagnosed by Transbronchial Mediastinal Cryobiopsy Additional to Needle Aspiration: A Case Report

Pulmonary hamartoma presenting as a peribronchial lesion mimicking lymphadenopathy is diagnostically challenging, necessitating an adequate biopsy to establish a histopathological diagnosis. Here, we report a 55-year-old female non-smoker, 1 month after right renal cell carcinoma resection, who had a 24 × 21 mm peribronchial lesion in the left interlobar region on chest CT, initially interpreted as an enlarged lymph node. EBUS-TBNA yielded only cartilage and respiratory epithelium, while transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy (TBMC) yielded cartilage, adipose tissue, and epithelium-lined clefts, eventually establishing the diagnosis of a pulmonary hamartoma. At the 4-month follow-up, the patient reported only a slight cough, and the lesion remained stable on CT. This case presents the successful diagnosis of a pulmonary hamartoma using TBMC as an adjunct to conventional EBUS-TBNA.