Osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells derived from osteoporotic model cultured on microtextured titanium surfaces grades II, IV, and V

To evaluate the osteogenic behavior of mesenchymal stem cells from an osteoporotic animal model cultured on microtextured commercially pure titanium grade II (cpTi II), commercially pure titanium grade IV (cpTi IV), and Ti-6Al-4V alloy (Ti V) surfaces.

Mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from the bone marrow of ovariectomized rats and cultured on cpTi II, cpTi IV, and Ti V discs with microtextured surfaces. Surfaces were characterized by SEM to qualitatively assess the microtextured morphology and by 3D confocal laser scanning microscopy to quantify surface roughness. Chemical composition was assessed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Cell proliferation was evaluated after 1, 2, and 3 days, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity after 7 days, and mineralized extracellular matrix formation after 21 days. Data were statistically analyzed at a 5% significance level.

SEM and 3D confocal laser scanning microscopy images showed microtextured surfaces with irregular micrometric concavities in all titanium groups. EDS analysis confirmed titanium as the predominant element in all groups, whereas aluminum and vanadium were additionally detected on Ti V surfaces. Cell proliferation significantly differed between cpTi II and cpTi IV at days 2 and 3 (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in ALP activity between the groups (p>0.05). However, cpTi II showed significantly greater mineralized extracellular matrix formation after 21 days than cpTi IV and Ti V (p<0.05).

Within the limitations of this in vitro study, microtextured cpTi II surfaces promoted higher late-stage mineralized extracellular matrix formation than cpTi IV and Ti V under osteoporotic conditions despite similar early osteogenic marker levels (ALP activity).