Reflections on behavioral pharmacology and behavioral economics in addiction science

This narrative review is based on the author's keynote opening to the University of Vermont Center on Behavior and Health (VCBH) 13th Annual Conference. The conference highlighted the research of leading scientists in the development and applications of behavioral pharmacology and behavioral economics to addiction science, behavioral health at the individual and population levels. I begin with reflections on some of the evolutionary history over the past century starting with studies by B.F. Skinner examining how the interaction of behavior with the environment including drugs can alter behavior in ways that are healthy or unhealthy and how this understanding is being applied to serve humanity. These include more effective and diverse population efforts to treat substance use disorders, including in pregnant women, support better outcomes in people with cardiovascular disease, developmental disabilities such as autism spectrum disorders. Throughout, I also reflect on the importance of the intergenerational community of researchers who welcome diversity and innovation in thinking, methods, and service to humanity that is fostered by inclusive participation and leadership.