Intensity-phase-modal degradation of Bessel-Gaussian vortex beams in sea-fog scattering environments
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Published on: January 28, 2019
Hairui Wang1,2, Guan Wang1,2, Kangeng Li1,2
1National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Space Optoelectronics Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China.
Abstract:
Finite-energy Bessel-Gaussian (BG) vortex beams are investigated in controlled sea-fog scattering environments to clarify their intensity, phase, and modal degradation mechanisms. An intensity-scattering and phase-equivalent evolution model is established using Mie scattering theory and orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) spiral-spectrum expansion. Salt-fog environments are generated by atomizing saline solutions with nominal sea-salt mass fractions of 1.5 wt.% and 3.5 wt.%, and four optical thicknesses are calibrated by transmittance measurements. Simulations and experiments show that sea fog induces not only energy attenuation, but also annular-structure blurring, dark-core filling, helical-phase distortion, and OAM modal crosstalk. Atτ=2.071 for salt fog generated from the 3.5 wt.% saline solution, the original mode remains dominant in the modal spectrum, although its modal purity is reduced and energy leakage to neighboring modes becomes more evident.
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