Pixel-wise multi-error calibration and DoLP image recovery for low-extinction-ratio LWIR DoFP polarimetric cameras

Long-wave infrared division-of-focal-plane polarimetric cameras suffer from Stokes inversion bias, degree-of-linear-polarization (DoLP) noise amplification, image degradation under low extinction ratios, and coupled device errors. We propose a pixel-wise multi-error calibration and S₀-guided recovery method. A unified analysis matrix incorporates detector gain, dark offset, channel transmittance, analyzer orientation, and extinction ratio, while S₀-based structural guidance suppresses inversion noise. Experiments reduce angle-of-polarization and DoLP mean absolute errors by 73.11% and 74.00%, respectively. Across four real scenes, background non-uniformity decreases by 55.83% on average, while contrast and edge gradient increase by 146.73% and 238.40%.