Knowledge and awareness of benign prostatic hyperplasia among the general population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common age-related condition that can significantly affect quality of life and lead to serious urinary complications. Public awareness is essential for early recognition and timely management.

This study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge and awareness of BPH among adult men in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2025 and January 2026 using a previously validated questionnaire via convenience sampling. Adult men aged ≥18 years residing in Makkah were included, while healthcare professionals and health-related students were excluded. Knowledge was assessed across multiple domains, and scores ≥60% were considered good. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05.

A total of 411 participants were included (median age: 40 years, IQR 23-50). Only 34.3% had previously received information about BPH. The mean knowledge score was 20.48 ± 5.13, and 44.6% demonstrated good knowledge. Notable gaps were identified in awareness of symptoms, risk factors (particularly obesity and diabetes), complications, and diagnostic methods. Prior exposure to information was significantly associated with better knowledge (P = 0.033), especially when obtained from healthcare providers (P = 0.004) or educational campaigns (P = 0.011). Younger age groups were independently associated with higher knowledge levels (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.22-5.90, P = 0.014).

Knowledge of BPH among men in Makkah is suboptimal, with important deficiencies in clinically relevant areas. Targeted educational strategies and healthcare-based awareness programs are needed to improve early recognition and reduce preventable complications.