Associations between meteorological factors and epistaxis frequency and clinical severity: a retrospective study

To investigate the associations between meteorological factors and daily epistaxis presentations in the Erzincan region of Türkiye and to evaluate whether these factors are associated with clinical severity in patients requiring emergency intervention.

This retrospective observational study included 5,091 outpatient epistaxis presentations between March 2023 and March 2026. Associations between daily epistaxis frequency and meteorological variables were analyzed using negative binomial regression adjusted for calendar month, year, and day of the week, with autocorrelation-robust standard errors. A secondary analysis included 244 patients referred from the emergency department who required interventional management for epistaxis.

The mean daily number of epistaxis presentations over 1,125 calendar days was 4.53 ± 3.89, with significant monthly variation (highest in August, lowest in December; p < 0.001). In the adjusted negative binomial regression model, daily temperature range was significantly associated with daily epistaxis frequency (IRR 1.017, 95% CI 1.001-1.033; p = 0.033), whereas the other meteorological variables were not significantly associated. No associations were observed between meteorological variables and intervention-requiring epistaxis, recurrence, or hospitalization.

Among the meteorological variables evaluated, only daily temperature range was significantly associated with epistaxis frequency. Although significant seasonal variation was observed, no association was observed between meteorological factors and intervention-requiring epistaxis cases, recurrence, or hospitalization. These findings suggest that short-term temperature variability may be related to epistaxis occurrence, although its influence on clinical severity appears limited.