Sodium alginate and collagen-loaded troxerutin improve mineralization and vascularization around implants

Mineralization and vascularization are essential processes for implant osseointegration around titanium, and insufficient surface bioactivity affects its clinical performance; thus, surface modification of implants is necessary. This study aimed to establish a sodium alginate/collagen/troxerutin coating on the surface of titanium to promote angiogenic and osteogenic ability. The results indicate that the material has satisfactory biocompatibility in terms of cell viability. Mouse embryonic osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) cells on the alginate/collagen/troxerutin coating significantly influenced mineralized nodule formation and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The alginate/collagen/troxerutin coating promoted tube formation and the migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The alginate/collagen/troxerutin coating also resulted in increased osteogenic and angiogenic gene expression. In addition, more bone formation was observed in the Ti-alginate/collagen/troxerutin group than in the other groups in vivo. The combination of troxerutin with sodium alginate and collagen resulted in osteogenic and angiogenic effects. It offers a potential option for surface modification of implants and has good application prospects in the future.