High-Precision UWB Sensor-Based Real-Time Locating System for Rodent Behavioral Studies

Precise tracking of rodent movement is a critical component of behavioral studies, particularly for nocturnal species where traditional methods, such as video tracking, are limited by environmental constraints and visibility. This study presents a novel application of ultra-wideband (UWB) sensor technology for high-precision tracking of rodent behaviors in both Line-of-Sight (LoS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) conditions. The DecaWave DWM1001C module, integrated into a custom lightweight wearable device, was deployed in a controlled habitat measuring 122 by 61 centimeter (cm). Advanced signal processing methods, including Kalman filtering and phase-based (PB) localization, were implemented to improve positioning accuracy and mitigate NLoS errors. Experimental results demonstrate a mean localization error of 2.28 cm in LoS scenarios and with a maximum error of 6.2 cm in NLoS conditions, significantly outperforming existing methods. This research highlights the potential of UWB sensor systems for dynamic and nocturnal behavioral studies, providing an adaptable and reliable solution for tracking animal movements in complex environments.