Small-molecule RGB emitters for organic light-emitting diodes: a focus on device operational lifetime

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have become a mainstream technology for high-end displays. In full-color OLED displays and white-light illumination applications, the performance of red, green, and blue (RGB) emitters directly affects the efficiency, color purity, and operational lifetime of OLED devices, which collectively determine their overall performance and commercial viability. In this review, we systematically summarize the development of small-molecule RGB OLED emitters and their molecular design strategies, with a particular focus on their device operational stability and the key challenges associated with practical applications. We further discuss the key factors governing the operational lifetime of RGB OLED devices and summarize integrated strategies for achieving high efficiency, excellent color purity, and prolonged operational stability. We believe that this review will provide valuable insights into the design of stable RGB emitters and devices and stimulate further research and innovation in this rapidly evolving field.