DNA Nanotechnology for Precision Sensing and Diagnostics at the Nanoscale

DNA nanotechnology provides a programmable framework for acquiring and processing biomolecular information with high precision. Structural DNA nanostructures enable nanoscale organization, molecular addressability and mechanical control, while dynamic DNA reaction networks support signal transduction and molecular computation. This review highlights recent advances in DNA nanotechnology for spatial, mechanical and single-molecule sensing, as well as emerging diagnostic applications based on molecular classifiers and DNA origami-enabled signal processing. Particular emphasis is placed on how nanoscale programmability can improve measurement resolution, enable parallel analysis of multiple molecular signals and facilitate the interpretation of biological information. These developments collectively highlight the potential of DNA nanotechnology for next-generation precision biosensing and diagnostic platforms.