Adult immunization program infrastructure and vaccine access across state, local, and territorial immunization programs, United States, 202425

In the United States, adult vaccination coverage is low, contributing to high rates of vaccine-preventable diseases. State, local, and territorial health departments ('jurisdictions') use federal funding to support adult immunization programs, manage outbreaks, and provide vaccines to eligible adults. We identified five core adult immunization program components for a jurisdiction to be considered a robust program. We evaluated implementation of five core components of jurisdiction adult immunization programs and perceived success in providing vaccine access.

We surveyed 64 CDC-funded jurisdictions on adult program operations and perceived success in vaccine access.

Variability in implementing core components was observed across jurisdictions, from 5% implementing none to 5% implementing all five and 90% implementing between one and four. Nineteen jurisdictions reported high perceived success in providing vaccine access.

This study highlights substantial variability in adult immunization program infrastructure and identifies funding diversification as a promising area to improve vaccine access.