Lymphatic Malformation Involving Cavernous Sinus With Sellar Extension: A Case Report

Lymphatic malformations are benign vascular anomalies that most commonly occur in the head and neck region during childhood, and primary intracranial involvement is extremely rare. Lesions involving the cavernous sinus are particularly unusual, given the absence of well-established lymphatic structures in this region. The authors report the case of a 63-year-old man who presented with headache, ptosis, and diplopia. Imaging revealed a homogeneously enhancing mass involving the right cavernous sinus. Partial resection was performed via an endoscopic trans-sphenoidal approach. Histopathological examination demonstrated dilated thin-walled vascular channels lined by endothelial cells with immunoreactivity for podoplanin, suggesting lymphatic endothelial differentiation. This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of cavernous sinus lesions and underscores the importance of careful clinicopathological correlation and consideration of a broad differential diagnosis, including lymphatic and other vascular malformations.