Beyond screen time: Evidence-based assessment and early intervention for problematic digital use in young people

Screen-based technologies are now embedded in the daily routines of children and adolescents and offer important developmental, educational and social benefits. However, excessive use can contribute to sleep disruption, emotional distress, behavioural difficulties and family conflict. General practitioners (GPs) are often the first point of contact for families concerned about their child's digital behaviours, yet many GPs report uncertainty about how best to assess risk, provide practical advice and identify when specialist input is required.

This paper provides evidence-informed guidance for GPs on assessing problematic screen use, supporting families with prevention and early intervention strategies, and recognising when referral to mental health or paediatric services is indicated.

Clinical assessment should prioritise functional impairment and associated psychosocial impacts rather than focusing solely on screen-time duration. GPs can draw on validated indicators of problematic use, implement family-based prevention strategies and screen for co-occurring mental health conditions. Referral to specialist services is indicated when significant impairment persists or when safety concerns arise.