Deciding Whether to Include Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions in Systematic Reviews: A Tutorial
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Nicola Lindson1, Hugh Sharma Waddington2, Ella Flemyng3
1Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK.
Abstract:
This tutorial provides practical guidance on deciding whether to include non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSI) in systematic reviews. Drawing on existing Cochrane and GRADE guidance, it outlines circumstances in which NRSI may provide valuable evidence alongside or in the absence of randomized controlled trials. A practical checklist supports review authors in making decisions about study eligibility for each PICO at the protocol stage, considering the availability and limitations of randomized evidence, the outcomes of interest, equity, and generalizability.
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