[Gaseous Poison: Nitrous Oxide (Laughing Gas)]
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Updated: Nov 10, 2026

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Published on: May 4, 2021
1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 200063, China.
Abstract:
Nitrous oxide (N2O), also known as laughing gas, is one of the substances used as an alternative to traditional illicit drugs. Abuse of N2O can cause cognitive impairment and memory deficits. Inhalation of an excessive amount of N2O within a short period of time may cause systemic hypoxia and, in severe cases, can result in sudden asphyxial death. Based on relevant domestic and international research, this paper systematically reviews the pharmacological and toxicological effects, toxicological data, symptoms of poisoning, in vivo process and toxicological analysis findings from representative cases involving N2O with the aim of providing a reference for forensic identification.
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