Azimuth-resolving underwater source tracking with a vertical line array using adiabatic normal modes
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 10, 2026

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar
Published on: May 1, 2018
Jakob Möderl1, F Hunter Akins2, Florian Meyer2
1Institute of Communication Networks and Satellite Communications, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
Abstract:
Passive acoustic monitoring supports detection and tracking of underwater sources. This paper presents azimuth-resolving underwater source tracking with a vertical line array by combining environmental asymmetry, array tilt, and Bayesian tracking. A bathymetry-dependent model based on adiabatic normal modes provides range-, depth-, and azimuth-dependent replicas. A particle-based single-Bernoulli filter uses these replicas to jointly estimate source existence, horizontal position, and velocity in two-dimensional Cartesian coordinates, source depth, and uncertain array tilt. Application to tonal SWellEx-96 S5 data demonstrates horizontal tracking of a shallow towed source, with at least 90% of horizontal position and bearing errors below 600 m and 16.5°, respectively, for converged realizations.
Related Concept Videos
Azimuths and Bearings
Uniform Depth Channel Flow: Problem Solving
Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes
However, to express the relative position of point B relative to point A, an additional frame of reference, denoted as x'y', is necessary. This additional frame not only translates but also rotates relative to the fixed frame, making it instrumental in...
Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes-Problem Solving
Here, in order to determine the magnitude of velocity and acceleration for point...
Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling
Curvilinear Motion: Normal and Tangential Components
The positive direction of the t-axis aligns with the increasing position of the car along the curved path, denoted by the unit vector ut. Simultaneously, the n-axis, perpendicular to the t-axis, dissects the curved path into differential arc segments, each forming the arc of a circle with a radius of...
