Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) has evolved into a reliable solution for cuff tear arthropathy, massive irreparable cuff tears, complex proximal humerus fractures, and others. Guided by Grammont's principles, modern designs enhance deltoid efficiency and implant stability, while computed tomography-based preoperative planning improves glenoid positioning and fixation. Long-term outcomes show pain relief, increased function, and high implant survivorship, though complication rates remain higher in revision and fracture sequelae cases. Compared with anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty, rTSA offers lower revision rates but reduced rotational mobility, making procedure selection dependent on patient age, activity level, rotator cuff integrity, and glenoid morphology.