[Isolated persistent left superior vena cava: a rare presentation]
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Updated: Nov 12, 2026

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
Published on: November 18, 2018
Diego B Ortega-Zhindón1, José A García-Montes2, Vincenzo Arenas-Fabbri3
1Departamento de Cirugía Cardíaca Pediátrica y Cardiopatías Congénitas, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México.
Abstract:
Anomalies of systemic venous return represent rare congenital malformations, accounting for approximately 2% of all such cases. The occurrence of congenital heart disease patients exhibiting an isolated persistent left superior vena cava has been observed at a frequency of 0.07 to 0.13%. Due to their rarity, these anomalies are frequently associated with chromosomal abnormalities. These forms may manifest in isolation or in conjunction with other congenital heart conditions. The following report details a case of a patient two-year-old.
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