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Electron microscopy of herpes simplex virus. I. Entry
Abstract:
Although capsids of herpes simplex virus were encountered within phagocytic vesicles, they were more commonly observed free within the cytoplasm. Stages in the release of virus from vesicles were not seen. There appeared to be five distinct steps in the process whereby the virus initiates infection: attachment, digestion of the viral envelope, digestion of the cell wall, passage of the capsid directly into the cytoplasm, and digestion of the capsid with release of the core. Antibody probably interferes with the first two stages.
Insights
Herpes simplex virus enters cells by attaching, shedding its envelope and wall, and releasing its core into the cytoplasm. Antibodies may block these initial infection steps.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Cell Biology
- Immunology
Background:
- Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common human pathogen.
- Understanding HSV entry into host cells is crucial for developing antiviral strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the distinct steps involved in herpes simplex virus entry into host cells.
- To investigate the role of antibodies in inhibiting HSV infection.
Main Methods:
- Microscopic observation of HSV capsids within infected cells.
- Analysis of viral capsid location (cytoplasmic vs. vesicular).
Main Results:
- HSV capsids were found both free in the cytoplasm and within phagocytic vesicles.
- Five key stages of HSV infection initiation were identified: attachment, envelope digestion, cell wall digestion, capsid entry into cytoplasm, and core release.
- Antibodies likely interfere with the initial attachment and envelope digestion stages.
Conclusions:
- Herpes simplex virus employs a multi-step process for cell entry, involving direct cytoplasmic capsid release.
- Antibody-mediated inhibition primarily targets early stages of viral attachment and entry.