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Effect of anticellular serum on the attachment of enteroviruses to HeLa cells
Abstract:
Anticellular serum (ACS), in the absence of an active complement system, was shown to inhibit the attachment of poliovirus types 1 and 2, echovirus type 6, and coxsackievirus types A13, B1, and B3 to viral receptors of live HeLa cells. This is the first report to provide evidence that ACS has an inhibitory effect on the interaction between host cells and coxsackieviruses of group B. The titer of inhibitory activity of ACS varied inversely with the cell concentration used, the reaction being virtually completed after an incubation period of 30 min at 37 C. The inhibitory activity of ACS persisted for more than 4 hr at 37 C, and was shown to be reversible at pH 2.0, revealing that although the receptors for attaching virus were inactivated by ACS the inactivation was not permanent. These findings are consistent with the concept that antibodies in the ACS combine with and blockade viral receptors located at the cell surface. An antiserum with a specificity for inhibiting attachment of coxsackievirus B1 was obtained by dual absorption of ACS with cells saturated with coxsackievirus type B3 and chymotrypsin-treated cells. These findings offer an approach whereby the antigenic relationship of viral receptors to other constituents of the cell surface can be studied.
Insights
Anticellular serum (ACS) inhibits poliovirus and coxsackievirus attachment to host cells by blocking viral receptors. This reversible inactivation suggests antibodies bind cell surface receptors, offering insights into viral-host interactions.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Anticellular serum (ACS) is known to interact with host cells.
- The effect of ACS on the attachment of specific enteroviruses to host cells, particularly coxsackieviruses of group B, was not well-established.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the inhibitory effect of anticellular serum (ACS) on the attachment of various enteroviruses, including coxsackieviruses, to live HeLa cells.
- To characterize the nature and reversibility of this inhibition.
Main Methods:
- Incubation of live HeLa cells with ACS in the absence of active complement.
- Assessing viral attachment inhibition using poliovirus types 1 and 2, echovirus type 6, and coxsackievirus types A13, B1, and B3.
- Investigating the effect of cell concentration, incubation time, temperature, pH, and duration on ACS inhibitory activity.
Main Results:
- ACS significantly inhibited the attachment of tested enteroviruses to HeLa cells.
- The inhibitory activity of ACS was dependent on cell concentration and incubation time (30 min at 37°C for completion).
- Inhibitory activity persisted for over 4 hours at 37°C and was reversible at pH 2.0, indicating temporary receptor blockade.
Conclusions:
- Antibodies in ACS likely bind to and blockade viral receptors on the cell surface, preventing virus attachment.
- The reversible nature of the inactivation suggests that the viral receptors themselves are not permanently damaged.
- These findings provide a method to study the antigenic relationships of viral receptors and other cell surface components.