Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Integrated Compensatory Responses in a Human Model of Hemorrhage
Published on: November 20, 2016
[Adaptive and compensatory mechanisms in chronic circulatory insufficiency in ischemic heart disease]
Abstract:
Activation of some neuroendocrine systems is one of the compensatory-adaptation mechanisms in circulatory insufficiency in patients with ischemic heart disease. Evidence of this is that patients with stage I--IIA of the disease are marked by an increase in the activity of the sympatheticoadrenal system (increase in the excretion of free catecholamines) and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, in the glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex, in the functional condition of the epiphysis cerebri, and in the blood plasma antidiuretic activity. Participation of these systems in the adaptation processes maintains an adequate level of venous blood return to the heart and inotropic myocardial function.
Related Concept Videos
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System
Imbalances in Cardiac Output
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology
Heart Failure V: Medical Management
Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

