Evaluation of enterovirus immune horse serum pools for identification of virus field strains

Immune horse sera to 42 enterovirus immunotypes were pooled according to the Lim Benyesh-Melnick and the "intersecting serum" schemes. Each serum was diluted in the pools to contain 50 antibody units. After it was established that the pools correctly neutralized prototype virus strains, they were evaluated in tests against 273 enterovirus field strains representing most of the viral types included in the pools. With test virus doses of 10-100 TCD(50), most of the poliovirus and coxsackievirus field strains were correctly identified in both schemes, but a number of the echoviruses were neutralized by heterotypic pools, particularly in the Lim Benyesh-Melnick scheme. However, at higher test virus doses of 320-3200 TCD(50), little heterotypic neutralization occurred in either scheme, and 93-94% of the virus field strains were correctly identified in each scheme. With these larger virus doses, breakthrough tended to occur in homologous pools by the 7th day, but rarely by the 5th day. Since the Lim Benyesh-Melnick pool scheme employs 8 pools as compared with 13 for the intersecting serum scheme, and since the two schemes were equally satisfactory for identifying virus field strains at test virus doses of 320-3200 TCD(50), immune horse sera will be pooled by the former scheme, thus utilizing fewer pools, for distribution to qualified viral diagnostic laboratories.