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Micro-indentation hardness studies on human bones.

M Ramrakhiani, D Pal, T S Murty

    Acta Anatomica
    |January 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Human bone hardness varies slightly across skeletal locations. Micro-indentation testing revealed differences in Vicker's hardness and a material pile-up phenomenon under stress.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomaterials Science
    • Orthopedic Research
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Bone is a complex biological composite material.
    • Understanding bone mechanical properties is crucial for orthopedic applications and understanding skeletal diseases.
    • Previous studies have explored bone's mechanical behavior, but detailed micro-indentation analysis across different skeletal regions is less common.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the micro-indentation hardness of human bone across various skeletal locations.
    • To analyze the mechanical response of bone material under Vicker's pyramidal indentation.
    • To characterize the deformation patterns, specifically 'pile-up', observed during bone micro-indentation.

    Main Methods:

    • Human skeletal bone samples from different anatomical regions were prepared (polished and cut).

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  • Micro-indentation tests were performed using a Vicker's diamond pyramidal indenter at varying loads.
  • Interferometric microscopy was employed to study the surface topography of the indentations.

    • Main Results:

    • Vicker's hardness number exhibited slight variations depending on the skeletal portion tested.
    • Interferometric analysis confirmed the occurrence of material pile-up at the edges of the pyramidal indents.
    • The observed pile-up indicates localized plastic deformation or material displacement under indentation stress.

    Conclusions:

    • Human bone exhibits site-specific variations in micro-hardness.
    • The 'pile-up' phenomenon is a characteristic deformation response of bone to localized stress.
    • These findings contribute to a better understanding of bone's micromechanical properties and anisotropic behavior.