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Human monkeypox.

S O Foster, E W Brink, D L Hutchins

    Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    |January 1, 1972
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Six unvaccinated individuals in West Africa were infected with monkeypox virus. Subsequent smallpox vaccinations showed equivocal reactions, and no household contacts contracted the disease, indicating limited human-to-human transmission in this outbreak.

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Epidemiology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a zoonotic orthopoxvirus.
    • Human infections with MPXV are rare but can be severe.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To document and analyze early human monkeypox cases in West Africa.
    • To investigate transmission dynamics and immune response in infected individuals.

    Main Methods:

    • Case identification through clinical, epidemiological, and serological investigations.
    • Virus isolation for confirmation.
    • Serological testing for antibody response.
    • Vaccination challenges to assess immunity.

    Main Results:

    • Six unvaccinated individuals in Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone were infected with MPXV.

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  • Four cases confirmed by virus isolation; two by serology and epidemiology.
  • High antibody titers to pox group virus observed post-infection.
  • Equivocal reactions to smallpox vaccination post-infection.
  • No disease transmission to 24 susceptible household contacts, who showed primary vaccine responses.

    • Conclusions:

    • Human-to-human transmission of MPXV may be limited in unvaccinated populations.
    • Post-infection immunity may not confer complete protection against subsequent smallpox vaccination.
    • Early identification and monitoring are crucial for understanding MPXV outbreaks.