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Auditory dysfunction with facial paralysis.

G A McCandless, M H Schumacher

    Archives of Otolaryngology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
    |May 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Idiopathic facial paralysis may cause auditory issues due to stapedius muscle dysfunction, not eighth nerve damage. This study found hearing changes linked to facial nerve lesions affecting the stapedius branch.

    Area of Science:

    • Otolaryngology
    • Neurology
    • Audiology

    Background:

    • Idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell's palsy) can sometimes present with auditory symptoms.
    • The exact cause of these auditory changes, particularly whether they involve the cochlear or eighth nerve, remains unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and nature of cochlear or eighth nerve auditory dysfunction in patients with idiopathic facial paralysis.
    • To correlate auditory findings with the site of the facial nerve lesion.

    Main Methods:

    • Audiologic tests were performed on 58 patients with idiopathic facial paralysis.
    • Site-of-lesion testing was employed to differentiate between facial nerve and auditory nerve involvement.

    Main Results:

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    • Patients with facial nerve lesions proximal to the stapedius branch exhibited reduced tolerance to loud sounds, impaired speech discrimination at high intensities, and abnormal loudness growth.
    • Auditory dysfunction was attributed to the mechanical effects of absent stapedial reflexes.
    • Site-of-lesion tests did not reveal eighth nerve dysfunction in the studied sample.

    Conclusions:

    • Auditory changes accompanying idiopathic facial paralysis are likely a mechanical consequence of stapedius muscle inactivity due to facial nerve lesions.
    • The findings do not support a polyneuropathy theory involving the auditory nerve in this patient group.