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Nutrient intake, adiposity, and diabetes.

H Keen, B J Thomas, R J Jarrett

    British Medical Journal
    |March 10, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Higher body mass index (BMI) correlated with better blood sugar control, despite lower food intake. This suggests obesity may be linked to a "low energy throughput" state, potentially influencing disease development.

    Area of Science:

    • Metabolic Health
    • Nutritional Science
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Diabetes mellitus is a significant global health concern.
    • Understanding the interplay between nutrition, adiposity, and glucose metabolism is crucial for prevention and management.
    • Previous research has explored various dietary factors, but the relationship between energy intake, adiposity, and glucose regulation requires further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between nutritional factors, adiposity (body mass index; BMI), and blood sugar concentration in normal population samples.
    • To explore the relationship between food energy intake, nutrient composition, and indices of glucose tolerance.
    • To identify potential underlying mechanisms linking adiposity, energy intake, and disease risk.

    Main Methods:

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    • Cross-sectional study design involving three distinct population samples.
    • Data collection included estimations of blood sugar concentration, food intake (total energy, carbohydrate, sucrose, fat), and adiposity (BMI).
    • Statistical analyses were performed to assess correlations between these variables across different population groups.

    Main Results:

    • Blood sugar concentrations and glucose tolerance indices positively correlated with adiposity (BMI).
    • A significant inverse correlation was observed between total food energy intake and adiposity across all samples and sexes.
    • Higher adiposity was associated with lower food energy consumption, suggesting an inverse relationship between energy intake and BMI.

    Conclusions:

    • Increased adiposity is paradoxically associated with lower food energy intake and expenditure.
    • This inverse relationship may indicate an underlying "low energy throughput" state contributing to obesity.
    • The mechanisms driving this low energy throughput and its association with adiposity could be key factors in disease pathogenesis, including diabetes.