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Related Experiment Videos

Synapse formation during embryogenesis on ganglion cells lacking a periphery.

L Landmesser, G Pilar

    The Journal of Physiology
    |September 1, 1974
    PubMed
    Summary

    Peripheral deprivation in chick ciliary ganglia allows normal synapse formation and cell differentiation, but leads to significant cell death and transmission failure later in development. Information from the periphery is not essential for initial synapse development.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Developmental Biology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • The development of neuronal connections and cell survival is often dependent on interactions with target tissues.
    • Understanding the role of peripheral targets in neuronal development is crucial for comprehending neural circuit formation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of peripheral connections in the development of chick ciliary ganglia.
    • To determine if peripheral information is required for synapse formation, cell differentiation, and survival.

    Main Methods:

    • Surgical removal of the periphery from chick embryos during early development.
    • Analysis of ciliary ganglion neuron differentiation, synapse formation, and cell survival.
    • Ultrastructural and functional assessment of synapses and neuronal transmission.

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    Main Results:

    • Peripherally deprived neurons differentiate normally and form functional synapses, indicating peripheral input is not essential for initial synapse formation.
    • Despite normal initial development, a significant loss of ciliary ganglion cells (92%) occurs between Stages 35-38, coinciding with transmission failure.
    • Both ciliary and choroid cells, as well as presynaptic nerve endings, differentiate correctly, suggesting peripheral contact is not required for cell-type specific characteristics or ending morphology.

    Conclusions:

    • Peripheral connections are not required for the initial formation of functional synapses or the differentiation of ciliary ganglion cells and their presynaptic partners.
    • A critical period exists where peripheral information appears necessary for long-term neuronal survival, as evidenced by massive cell death after Stage 34.
    • Peripheral removal disrupts normal ganglion formation, causing cell migration and the formation of a secondary ganglion, highlighting the influence of peripheral cues on neuronal organization.