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Related Concept Videos

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

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Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and...
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Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

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Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the...
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Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

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Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features...
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Gastritis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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Adrenal corticosteroids cause gastrin cell hyperplasia.

J P Delaney, H M Michel, M E Bonsack

    Gastroenterology
    |May 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    High-dose adrenal cortical steroids significantly increase G-cell mass and gastrin levels in dogs. Adrenalectomy reduces G-cell numbers, indicating steroids are crucial for G-cell growth.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • G-cells are crucial for regulating gastric acid secretion via gastrin.
    • The adrenal cortex produces hormones that influence various physiological processes.
    • The specific role of adrenal cortical steroids in G-cell regulation is not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of exogenous adrenal cortical steroids on G-cell mass and gastrin levels.
    • To determine the impact of adrenalectomy on G-cell numbers and serum gastrin.

    Main Methods:

    • Administration of high-dose exogenous adrenal cortical steroids to dogs.
    • Surgical adrenalectomy in dogs.
    • Measurement of G-cell mass and serum gastrin levels.

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    Author Spotlight: Exploring the Mysteries of Sichuan's Herbal Medicine in Chinese Medicine Research
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    Main Results:

    • Chronic high-dose steroid administration led to a 137% increase in G-cell mass.
    • Peak serum gastrin levels were enhanced following steroid administration.
    • Adrenalectomy resulted in a 50% reduction in G-cell numbers.
    • Serum gastrin levels showed no significant change after adrenalectomy.

    Conclusions:

    • Adrenal cortical steroids play a significant trophic role in G-cell regulation.
    • These findings highlight a novel interaction between the adrenal cortex and gastric endocrine cells.