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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

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This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
Radionuclide Testing
Radionuclide testing is a sophisticated medical technique for assessing gastrointestinal motility. It focuses on gastric emptying and colonic transit time. Radioactive markers track the movement of food through the digestive system, providing insights into gastrointestinal disorders.
In gastric emptying studies, a meal's liquid and...
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Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

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The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
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Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
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Diverticular Disease of the Colon01:27

Diverticular Disease of the Colon

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Diverticular disease involves the formation of diverticula—small sac-like outpouchings of the colonic wall—and their complications. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon due to higher intraluminal pressure and structural vulnerability. It results from structural weakness and increased pressure in the colon, producing pseudodiverticula that may remain silent or progress to inflammation and serious complications.Structure of DiverticulaIn diverticulosis, these outpouchings are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Flexible Colonoscopy in Mice to Evaluate the Severity of Colitis and Colorectal Tumors Using a Validated Endoscopic Scoring System
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Flexible Colonoscopy in Mice to Evaluate the Severity of Colitis and Colorectal Tumors Using a Validated Endoscopic Scoring System

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Colonic adenomas--a colonoscopy survey.

P E Gillespie, T J Chambers, K W Chan

    Gut
    |March 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Colonoscopies reveal most colon adenomas are left-sided and treatable endoscopically. Larger adenomas, especially in the sigmoid colon, carry a higher risk of malignancy, necessitating careful follow-up.

    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Colorectal Surgery
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Colon adenomas are common precursors to colorectal cancer.
    • Understanding adenoma distribution and characteristics is crucial for effective screening and management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the distribution, characteristics, and management of colon adenomas identified during colonoscopy.
    • To evaluate the association between adenoma size, histology, and malignant potential.
    • To assess the efficacy of local endoscopic treatment for adenomas with invasive carcinoma.

    Main Methods:

    • A retrospective analysis of 620 patients undergoing colonoscopy, identifying 1049 colon adenomas.
    • Detailed recording of adenoma location, size, histology, and presenting symptoms.

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    Structured Approach to Colonoscopy Technique Optimization: A Single-Center Experience with Novice Endoscopists
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  • Review of treatment outcomes for adenomas with malignant changes.

    • Main Results:

    • Predominantly left-sided distribution (77%) of colon adenomas, with 97% amenable to endoscopic removal.
    • Rectal bleeding was the major symptom in 60% of patients.
    • Larger adenomas (>2.0 cm), particularly in the sigmoid colon, showed a higher prevalence of villous histology and invasive carcinoma (4.8%).
    • Local colonoscopic excision was effective for adenomas with malignant change, with no recurrence in 28 patients followed for 6-62 months.

    Conclusions:

    • Colon adenomas exhibit a left-sided distribution and are largely manageable via endoscopic techniques.
    • Adenoma size and villous histology are key indicators of malignant risk, especially in the sigmoid colon.
    • Careful endoscopic resection and long-term follow-up are essential due to the risk of new neoplasm development.