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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI

Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
Description of the Procedures
Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use X-ray technology to generate detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. During the scan, the patient lies on a moving table...

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy
11:38

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy

Published on: July 3, 2014

Magnification mammography: a low-dose technique.

B A Arnold, H Eisenberg, B E Bjarngard

    Radiology
    |June 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Direct radiographic magnification mammography improves microcalcification detection and reduces radiation exposure compared to conventional methods. This technique offers high-quality breast imaging with significantly lower radiation doses for patients.

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    Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography
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    Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography

    Published on: November 14, 2025

    Area of Science:

    • Radiology
    • Medical Imaging
    • Diagnostic Technology

    Background:

    • Mammography is crucial for early breast cancer detection.
    • Conventional mammography faces limitations in detecting microcalcifications and involves radiation exposure.
    • Advancements in imaging technology are sought to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient safety.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the image quality and radiation exposure of direct radiographic magnification mammography with conventional contact mammography.
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of magnification mammography in detecting microcalcifications and soft-tissue details.
    • To assess the feasibility of high-quality mammography with reduced radiation dose.

    Main Methods:

    • Direct radiographic magnification (2X) using a microfocal spot x-ray tube and a fast, double screen-film system.
    • Comparison with conventional contact mammography utilizing a rare-earth screen and molybdenum target tube.
    • Evaluation of image quality (microcalcification detection, soft-tissue visualization) and radiation entrance dose.

    Main Results:

    • Magnification mammography demonstrated improved detection of microcalcifications.
    • Visualization of soft-tissue details was comparable between the two techniques.
    • A significant reduction in radiation exposure was observed with the magnification technique.
    • Achieved an entrance dose of 1.35 X 10(-3) Gy (135 mrad) for the average breast.

    Conclusions:

    • Direct radiographic magnification mammography is a feasible technique for high-quality breast imaging.
    • This method enhances the detection of crucial microcalcifications while maintaining soft-tissue visualization.
    • The technique offers a substantial reduction in radiation exposure, improving patient safety in mammography.